Pseudogenes of transcripts such as myosin light chain kinase pseudogene 1 (MYLKP1), octamer binding transcription factor 4 pseudogene 1 (POU5F1P1) and phosphatase and tensin homolog 1 pseudogene 1 (PTENP1) which target the tumor stroma in HCC are often deregulated in cancer tissues compared to normal cells. This evidence concerns the gene PTENP1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.