Mice with initial tumor burdens of 100–250 mm3 displayed the greatest difference in clearance; 100% of animals receiving PD-1 edited CAR T cells were able to clear tumors, whereas only 1 of 6 (~17%) animals treated with control anti-CD19 CAR T cells exhibited clearance at 28 days post tumor implant (Fig. 3d and Supplementary Fig. 6). Here, CD19 is linked to neoplasm.