Given that neuroinflammation is largely driven by microglia, and our data shows that GDM causes microglial activation that is associated with hippocampal neuronal weakening and cognitive deficits, a reduction in microglial CX3CR1 expression could be central in the sustained microglial activation observed in the 15-week-old offspring of GDM dams. The gene discussed is CX3CR1; the disease is gestational diabetes.