Since microglial morphological activation correlates with CA1 neuronal derangement and reduction in synaptophysin expression in the GDM offspring, we evaluated whether GDM affects microglial CX3CR1 expression, which has been suggested to have an important role in regulation of microglial functions associated with resting signals and phagocytosis [42, 43]. The gene discussed is CX3CR1; the disease is gestational diabetes.