However, no difference in RCC risk between M mutations within and outside these MCR regions was found in our work nor the study of Ong et al. Some authors have proposed that mutations causing HIF deregulation led to the pathogenesis of RCCs in VHL disease [30] while others have theorized that mutations in the Elongin C binding domain might disrupt p53 binding causing apoptosis suppression and RCC development [31]. The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is von Hippel-Lindau disease.