HPSE and diabetic kidney disease: For example, heparanase expression was shown to be upregulated in a number of animal models of renal diseases, including passive Heymann nephritis [21], puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis (PAN) [22], adriamycin nephropathy (ADR-N) [23, 24], anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) nephritis [25], and diabetic nephropathy [26]; and in glomerular epithelial and endothelial cells cultured in ambient high glucose concentration [27].