The same group also showed in one of the only multicentre studies that septal E/e’ was associated with prior ischaemic stroke in 330 AF patients with LVEF >40% (adjusted odds ratio 1.21, 95% CI 1.08–1.37; P = 0.002), unlike clinical and echocardiographic parameters such and age, BNP, or LVEF.18 The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is ischemic stroke.