HDAC9 and chronic kidney disease: In addition, the typical CKD-associated pathological alterations, such as the reduction of E-cadherin- an epithelial cell marker and the induction of α-SMA, the myofibroblast differentiation marker, were also attenuated by TSA treatment, indicating that HDAC inhibition effectively prevents Klotho loss, which might account for the renal and bone protections.