In addition, the typical CKD-associated pathological alterations, such as the reduction of E-cadherin- an epithelial cell marker and the induction of α-SMA, the myofibroblast differentiation marker, were also attenuated by TSA treatment, indicating that HDAC inhibition effectively prevents Klotho loss, which might account for the renal and bone protections. The gene discussed is KL; the disease is chronic kidney disease.