Besides, there are researches of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) which are secreted by the intestinal enteroendocrine cells in response to ingestion of various nutrients showing that GLP-1 can bind to β-cell receptors, stimulate insulin release, and improve glycemic control and then play a protecting role in management of DN [60]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and liver dysplastic nodule.