ALB and ischemia: Animal studies have shown that, in sepsis or intestinal ischemia/reperfusion models, hyperpermeability of the intestinal mucosal barrier and vascular as well as microcirculation dysfunction could cause a massive leakage of intravascular fluid and albumin into the interstitial space causing edema of the gut wall or into the enteric lumen causing diarrhea or abdominal distension, which could be one of the reasons for more frequent ACS or shock [9, 25, 26].