Notably, all the key determinants associating with cerulein-induced AP, namely induction of lipase and amylase (Fig. 1F,G), increased tissue edema (Fig. 2A), recruitment of neutrophils (Fig. 3A), induction of cytokines (i.e., TNFα, IL-6), activation of NFκB and STAT3 signaling (Fig. 3B–G; Suppl. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and alkaline phosphatase measurement.