HPSE and alkaline phosphatase measurement: Moreover, pancreas edema and inflammation (i.e., recruitment of neutrophils), as well as the induction of cytokines (i.e., TNFα, IL-6) and signaling molecules (i.e., phospho-STAT3) following cerulein treatment were attenuated markedly by heparanase inhibitors, suggesting that heparanase plays a significant role in AP.