To assess if microbiota suppression of HNF4A activity regulates genes differentially expressed in IBD, we queried the published human IBD and NEC gene expression data sets to identify human-mouse-zebrafish one-to-one-to-one orthologs that were differentially expressed in our RNA-seq analysis of gnotobiotic zebrafish hnf4a mutants (Fig. 5D). This evidence concerns the gene HNF4A and inflammatory bowel disease.