GCM1 and fetal growth restriction: These in vitro studies suggest that p45 NF-E2 does not only regulate GCM1 acetylation but also GCM1 desumoylation, which is an important determinant of GCM1 DNA-binding activity.25 To evaluate the potential translational relevance of these findings, we next analyzed the human placentae obtained from pregnancies complicated by IUGR versus healthy controls.