Previous studies implicated the JAK/STAT3 pathway mainly in enhancing tumor growth,35 but recent studies also linked it with NOX1 and lysosome-mediated cell death.36, 37 We found that the JAK/STAT3 pathway is MAPK/AP-1-independent as no effect of JAK inhibitor on MAPK and AP-1 activation was observed. This evidence concerns the gene NOX1 and neoplasm.