Activating mutations in Nrf2, inactivating mutations in KEAP1, and epigenetic dysregulation of KEAP1 and NFE2L2 have been observed in various types of cancers [21,22] (Table 1), and these changes are more common in cells and tissues that demonstrate de novo or acquired resistance to various types of chemotherapy [20,23]. This evidence concerns the gene KEAP1 and cancer.