PAPPA and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Specifically, among subjects with T2DM (Fig. 3a), PAPP-A showed AUC of 0.79 (95% CI 0.70–0.87) which was significantly larger than LVEF (AUC 0.52; 95% CI 0.40–0.64; p < 0.001), eGFR (AUC 0.66; 95% CI 0.56–0.77; p = 0.03) and hsCRP (AUC 0.64; 95% CI 0.52–0.76; p = 0.01).