After the adjustment for age, gender, LVEF, HbA1C, cTnI or hsCRP (a single adjustment variable at a time), the effect of PAPP-A on CV events in all subjects and subjects with and without T2DM changed by <10% suggesting that these factors do not confound the relationship between PAPP-A and the CV event risk (Table 3). This evidence concerns the gene PAPPA and type 2 diabetes mellitus.