Therefore, we used in situ hybridization to detect the expression of AFAP1-AS1 and immunohistochemical staining to detect the expression of PD-1 in a cohort of 96 NPC biopsies, and we analyzed co-expression of AFAP1-AS1 and PD-1 and its relevance in clinical outcomes and prognosis. Here, AFAP1 is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.