NANOG and cancer: Inhibition of GLI1 by established inhibitors like GANT61 or cyclopamine or knocking down GLI1 using siRNA or GLI1 CRISPR/Cas9 significantly reduced the expression of OCT4 and Nanog indicating direct regulation of cancer stem cells by GLI1 in glioblastoma cells (Figure 5A–5G) and (Figure 6A).