CASP3 and glioblastoma: Reduced cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP was observed with penfluridol treatment when GLI1 was overexpressed, indicating that penfluridol induces apoptosis and suppresses the growth of GBM cells through GLI1 inhibition, establishing GLI1 as a target of penfluridol (Figure 6C–6D).