[13–16] In ST segment elevation MI (STEMI), higher SDF-1α levels predicted worse LV performance, Killip score and 30 day mortality.[13] SDF-1α levels have also been used to predict adverse events in stable patients with a history of MI [15] and patients with non-STEMI, where SDF-1α levels were an independent predictor of death, MI and heart failure.[16]. Here, CXCL12 is linked to heart failure.