By demonstrating that down-regulation or chemical inhibition of the oncogenic activity of PKM2 markedly decreases BC cell proliferation (Figs 1, 2, 3 and Supplemental Fig. 2), cell migration and invasion in vitro (Fig. 5) and reduces bladder tumor growth and metastases in vivo (Fig. 6), our present study lends further support on a functional level to the emerging concept that PKM2 is important for bladder tumorigenesis and progression. This evidence concerns the gene PKM and breast cancer.