Tolerogenic CD103+CD8+ cDCs, known to be involved in de novo Treg induction [21, 23, 26, 27], were strongly reduced upon infection with Yptb-WT, whereas CD103−CD8− cDCs, which have been described to be responsible for priming of Th1 and/or Th17 cells [24], were significantly expanded (Fig. 2a–c). This evidence concerns the gene ITGAE and infection.