CCL2 and pulpitis: It was demonstrated that pulps with pulpitis had higher expressions of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, P < 0.01 and MCP-1, P < 0.01, Figure 2), and innate immune response (TLR1, P < 0.05; TLR2, P < 0.01; TLR3, P < 0.01; TLR6, P < 0.01; TLR8, P < 0.05, Figure 3) than pulps without pulpitis.