IRS1 and Insulin resistance: In the present study, we found that curcumin supplementation significantly mitigated palmitate-induced insulin resistance (Figures 1C–E) and suppressed palmitate-stimulated ER stress/JNK/IRS-1 signaling in HUVECs (Figure 4), suggesting that curcumin reverted palmitate-induced insulin resistance of HUVECs by inhibiting ER stress.