Such differential c-Fos induction in striosomes, relative to c-Fos induction in the matrix, is blocked by intrastriatal ablation of cholinergic interneurons (referred to herein as ChIs), along with somatostatin-expressing interneurons (Saka et al., 2002), and manipulations of ChI signaling have a direct impact on the severity of cocaine- and amphetamine-induced stereotypies (Schoffelmeer et al., 2002; Collins and Izenwasser, 2004; Thomsen et al., 2010; Aliane et al., 2011; Crittenden et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene FOS and Motor stereotypy.