In addition, a combination of DKK-1 with anti-dsDNA and/or levels of complements C3 and C4 could not increase the specificity and/or sensitivity for identification of patients with LN, although both the ROC curve and a logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the serum DKK-1 could be considered better positive biomarker. The gene discussed is C4A; the disease is lobular neoplasia.