BDNF and stroke disorder: However, recent reports indicate that IGF-1 has a major role, together with BDNF, in neuroplasticity and in the recovery of the neuromuscular function following stroke by active muscle exercise [145–147], although an excess in IGF-1 production can induce neuroinflammation and exacerbation of stroke effects, as occurring following treatment with apolipoprotein A-1 mimetic peptide, which reduces white matter damage from stroke [148].