First, using a cystatin C-based formula to adjust for the GFR estimates is required in healthy populations with normal renal function, which was not available to us, but the CKD-EPI equation applied in our study was confirmed to be more accurate than the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation, particularly for censoring numerical estimates greater than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 53. Here, CST3 is linked to chronic kidney disease.