DDX3 is a regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, where it interacts with and increases the kinase activity of casein kinase 1ε and is required for the phosphorylation of Dvl2.139 It is known to have an oncogenic role in breast cancer, where non-tumorigenic MCF10A cell lines overexpressing DDX3 showed increased EMT, motility and invasiveness.140 The same study demonstrated that DDX3 expression was positively correlated with a more aggressive phenotype, and was highly expressed in TNBC cell lines. This evidence concerns the gene DDX3X and breast cancer.