Equally, it has recently been shown that restricting the fructose content of the diet (isocaloric substitution with starch) has beneficial effects in children with obesity and MetS, including reductions in fasted TG, total apoB, apoC-III and LDL cholesterol levels, as well as an increase in LDL particle size [94,95]. The gene discussed is APOB; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.