MAPK8 and Parkinson disease: JNK activation, in fact, induces neuronal death in a wide range of pathological conditions, such as NMDA-induced excitotoxicity, ischemic stroke [9–11], and traumatic brain injury [12]; JNK activation has been also associated to many neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer [13–18], Huntington's [19], and Parkinson's disease [20, 21], but also psychiatric disorders and intellectual disabilities involving synaptic structure anomalies [22].