IGF1 and posterior cortical atrophy: In our current study, there were few differences between the results from studies with clinically detected vs PSA-detected PCa (Table 5); while there may simply be few differences between IGF and PSA or clinically detected PCa, it is more likely that the lack of difference is due to the difficulty in ascertaining the method by which the PCa cases are found and recruited, and may reflect the ubiquity of the screening for PCa using the PSA in the general population.