CD4 T cells producing the cytokine interleukin-17 (termed Th17 cells) are particularly important for controlling the proliferation of Candida, as evidenced by increased chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in humans with genetic mutations in cytokines (e.g., IL-17A, IL-17F), receptors (e.g., IL-12β1R), or transcription factors (e.g., RORC, GATA2, STAT1, APS-1, and ACT1) along these pathways (94). This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.