TNF and Granuloma: Under the conditions of this study, bosutinib therapy of silicotic animals had a variety of positive effects, including reduction in: (1) fraction area of collapsed alveoli and granuloma, as well as in neutrophil and macrophage counts in lung tissue; (2) M1 macrophages in alveolar septa and granuloma, (3) IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and TGF-β levels in lung homogenates, (4) total cellularity, Treg, CD4+, and CD8+ populations in lung-draining lymph nodes, and (5) collagen fiber content in lung parenchyma.