Consistently, an impaired signaling of NGF is causally linked to selective and extensive loss of central cholinergic functions (Counts and Mufson, 2005; Schliebs and Arendt, 2006; Williams et al., 2006) and NGF replacement therapy has recently emerged as a new promising safety and efficacy disease-modifying treatment for cognitive recovery in patients with mild AD (Tuszynski et al., 2005, 2015; Mufson et al., 2008). The gene discussed is NGF; the disease is Alzheimer disease.