ERN1 and cancer: The UPR and autophagy are known to be activated following cancer therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and protect cancer cells from ER stress-induced apoptotic cell death.50, 51, 52, 53 The marked suppression of IRE1 and PERK signaling of the UPR and UPR-induced autophagy by Yip1A knockdown provides evidence that targeting Yip1A has potential to overcome apoptosis resistance and to enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to anticancer treatments.