There are many reports which indicate that high-affinity synthetic ligands of PPARγ, such as thiazolidinediones, have immunoprotective roles in experimental colitis.53, 54, 55 Similar to rosiglitazone, madecassic acid promoted the expression of PPARγ-responsive genes CD36 and LPL, induced PPARγ translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus and the binding of PPARγ to a reporter gene, which could be diminished by PPARγ antagonists or PPARγ siRNA. The gene discussed is PPARG; the disease is colitis.