Leukocyte adhesion at the blood-brain barrier is believed to be a critical step in leukocyte extravasation that triggers neuroinflammatory diseases such as MS, characterized by a dramatic increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IFNγ45, which induce endothelial E-selectin, ICAM1, VCAM1, CCL2 (MCP1) and CCL7 (MCP3) expression and modulate leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium30, 31, 46. The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is myeloid sarcoma.