TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Obesity-induced adipocyte hypertrophy is also accompanied by a shift to an adverse adipokine secretory profile that includes elevated levels of proinflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), concomitant with a reduction of anti-inflammatory factors such as IL-10 and adiponectin [1].