Isolated monocytes from healthy controls (A and B; NControl = 8) and SLE patients (C and D; NSLE = 7) were stimulated with or without 500 nM CpG for 24 h, and then mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and PDGF-B were detected by qPCR. Here, TGFB1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.