The levels of MCP-1 (p = 0.0039; Fig. 3a), ISG15 (p = 0.0004; Fig. 3b), and IFNα (p = 0.0073; Fig. 3c) were found to increase significantly in the peripheral blood of SLE patients compared to that of healthy controls. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and systemic lupus erythematosus.