MUC1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: All of the investigated biomarkers—monomeric periostin (mean: 18.5 ± 9.5 ng/mL vs. 8.6 ± 2.0 ng/mL), total periostin (mean: 101.5 ± 36.2 ng/mL vs. 64.8 ± 18.7 ng/mL), KL-6 (mean: 932.7 ± 557.1 IU/mL vs. 289.3 ± 83.2 IU/mL), SP-D (mean: 230.2 ± 167.2 ng/mL vs. 45.8 ± 39.4 ng/mL), and LDH (mean: 225.6 ± 102.4 IU/mL vs. 150.7 ± 28.8 IU/mL)—were elevated in IPF patients (n = 60) compared to healthy donors (n = 137, p<0.001, Fig 3A).