AKT1 and Alzheimer disease: Aβ, as a hallmark in the pathogenesis of AD, can inhibit phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt to increase the expression of pro-apoptosis genes such as Bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), and nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and lead to neuronal apoptosis [10,11].