These two transmembrane proteins are encoded by PKD1 or PKD2 genes, which are mutated in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), a genetic disorder characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of renal cells with the consequent formation of cysts and loss of renal function [58,59]. The gene discussed is PKD1; the disease is autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.