As exception, the protocatechuic acid (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid), was shown to modulate inflammation via modulation of BDNF, resulting in amelioration of cognitive deficits, as well as to attenuate amyloid deposits in aged AβPP/PS1 double transgenic mice (100 mg/kg/day during 4 weeks) (53). This evidence concerns the gene APP and Cognitive impairment.