VEGFA and neoplasm: In addition, VEGF has been implicated in the physiological control of vasculature function as well as in vascular dysfunction associated with neural grafting, tumor cell implantation, tumor development, transient forebrain ischemia, and hypertension (Krum and Rosenstein, 1998; Nishikawa et al., 1998; Lee et al., 1999; Chow et al., 2001; Ferrara et al., 2004; Hurwitz et al., 2004; Hicklin and Ellis, 2005; Bhargava, 2009).