In our studies this was also demonstrated for chicken cells as IFN treatment upregulated TLRs for RNA and yeast detection, the RNA detecting OAS and the cytosolic NOD-like receptor NLRC5. NLRC5 shows a close evolutionary relationship to NLRC1 and NLRC2 and hence is probably involved in detection of bacterial infections [68]. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and bacterial infectious disease.