During the microarray analysis process, the most remarkable alteration in tumour-induced DCs was the decrease of antigen-presenting genes, and nearly all MHC class II genes showed significant decreases in the cancer group, including the classical MHC class II genes (HLA-DP, HLA-DR, and HLA-DQ), HLA-DM, and HLA-DO (Fig. 5d). Here, HLA-DMA is linked to cancer.