CASP9 and breast carcinoma: In the same way, ruthenium treatment in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells via DoHuRu/POPC and DoHuRu/DOTAP in vitro administration at IC50 concentrations elicited caspase-9 activation after 48 h, and this anew was coupled to the simultaneous Bax and Bcl-2 up-regulation and down-regulation, respectively (Fig. 4b,d,f).