CD4 and malaria: Our results showed that there was no significant difference in mean CD4 count changes over time between the four groups (i.e. co-infected on ART, co-infected non-ART, HIV positive without malaria on ART, HIV without malaria non-ART) (F = 2.120, df = 1.328, 1005.422, p = 0.138) (Table 5).