Glioma-associated microglia and macrophages release several cytokines and growth factors (interleukin (IL) IL-6, IL-1β, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and stress-inducible protein 1 (STI1) that facilitate the tumor proliferation and migration. Here, TGFB1 is linked to central nervous system cancer.