In an attempt to determine if changes in other DSB repair genes were associated with treatment response in MIBC, Choudhury and colleagues used an IHC-based approach to measure levels of five DSB repair proteins (MRE11, ATM, RAD50, NBS1, and H2AX) in pre-treatment biopsies from bladder cancer patients treated with radiation [40]. The gene discussed is ATM; the disease is urinary bladder carcinoma.