In the current study, the dual treatment effectively reduced the number and intensity of PD-L1 expression in the subclasses of MDSC and TAM cells (G-MDSC, M-MDSC, TAM1 and TAM2) in the TME, suggesting that it reversed the suppression of tumour-specific T-cell activation elicited by PD-L1+ MDSC or PD-L1+ TAM cells40, 46. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.